Chloromethylketones
Structure of Biotinylated Chloromethylketones
The structure of biotinylated FPR chloromethylketones (BFPRCK) (TOP) and biotinylated EGR chloromethylketone (BEGRCK) (BOTTOM) are shown. The SPACER represent a carbon-spacer used to optimize the reactivity of the biotin-group after the probe has been reacted with the active site of a serine protease.
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Prices $79.00/5 mg , $294.00/25 mg , $912.00/100 mg
Sizes 5 mg, 25 mg, 100 mg Formulation Lyophilized Molecular Weight 524 Storage 4°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound FPR-CK.2HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C21H33O3N6Cl3 -
Prices $221.00/5 mg , $959.00/25 mg , $3460.00/100 mg
Sizes 5 mg, 25 mg, 100 mg Formulation Lyophilized Molecular Weight 466 Storage 4°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound EGR-CK.2HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C14H27O5N6Cl3 -
Price $474.00/1 mg ($442.00/min. 5)
Size 1 mg Formulation 10 mM HCl Molecular Weight 882 Storage -80°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound BEGR-CK.1HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C36H62O9N10S1Cl2 -
Price $623.00/1 mg ($562.00/min. 5)
Size 1 mg Formulation DMSO Molecular Weight 788 Storage -20°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound FEGR-CK.1HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C35H36O11N6Cl2 -
Price $474.00/1 mg ($442.00/min. 5)
Size 1 mg Formulation 10 mM HCl Molecular Weight 940 Storage -80°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound BFPR-CK.1HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C43H68O7N10S1Cl2 -
Price $623.00/1 mg ($562.00/min. 5)
Size 1 mg Formulation DMSO Molecular Weight 846 Storage -20°C Purity HPLC and TLC analysis Compound FFPR-CK.1HCl Assay Shelf Life (properly stored) 12 months Chemical Formula C42H42O9N6Cl2
Tri-peptide chloromethylketones have been utilized extensively to irreversibly inhibit various serine proteases (1-5). Among the most common chloromethylketones are FPRCK (Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone; commonly referred to as PPACK), which is a rapid thrombin inhibitor and EGRCK (Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethylketone; commonly referred to as GGACK), which is a rapid factor Xa inhibitor (1). Both FPRCK and EGRCK are used extensively during protein isolation procedures to inhibit serine protease activity and prevent further conversion of zymogens to active enzymes. Recently, the modification of these tri-peptide chloromethylketones with reporting groups, such as fluorescent probes (6-8,14), radioactive labels (9) or thioreactive-labels (10), has provided a unique approach to the study of various serine proteases. These probes are useful because they allow a means of reporting molecular changes in an enzyme, and not its zymogen, while also inhibiting the enzymatic activity.
The use of biotin as a reporting group has been used extensively with antibodies in ELISA based assays and in western blotting. The biotin, in conjunction with avidin, creates a highly sensitive method for detecting antibodies, and therefore, antigens. By modifying the tripeptide-chloromethylketones with a biotin group, the sensitivity of the avidin/biotin system can be extended to study serine proteases without the need for specific antibodies to the active enzymes.
Biotinylated tripeptide chloromethyl ketones can be used in a variety of ways (11-13). First, the compounds can be reacted with unwanted serine proteases in a sample or preparation, and can then be removed along with the protease using avidin-Sepharose (11). Second, the biotinylated-serine protease can be visualized on a blot without the use of specific antibodies (11). Third, the biotinylated serine protease can be quantitated in an active-site specific immunoassay (12,13,15), such as the tPA-CASSIA (see Assay Kits). The spacer utilized on these compounds has been optimized to allow good reactivity of the biotinylated FPRCK and the biotinylated EGRCK in the above mentioned procedures.
In addition to biotinylated chloromethyl ketones, fluorescein labelled compounds are also available. The fluorescein labelled compounds are useful in both Western blot and fluorescent imaging applications.
Biotinylated and fluorescein labelled FPRCK and EGRCK are prepared by the method of Williams et al. (11).
| Special Properties | Tri-peptide chloromethylketones (CMK) are very potent and irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases. BFPRCK is especially useful for inhibition of thrombin and tPA, while BEGRCK is useful for inhibition of factor Xa. The biotin moiety provides the ability to use the peptide-CMKs as specific probes for detection and/or capture of serine proteases via the avidin/biotin interaction. |
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| Special Notes | FPRCK and EGRCK are supplied lyophilized, and should be stored at 4oC. Biotinylated CMKs are supplied in 10 mM HCl and should be stored frozed at -20oC or colder. Fluoroscein CMKs are supplied in DMSO, and should also be stored at -20oC or colder. |
- Kettner, C. and Shaw, E., Methods Enzymol., 80, 826 (1981).
- Ganu, V.S. and Shaw, E., Thromb. Res., 45, 1 (1987).
- Kettner, C. and Shaw, E., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 569, 31 (1979).
- Kettner, C., et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 202, 420 (1980).
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- Kettner, C. and Shaw, E., Thromb. Res., 22, 645 (1981).
- Lollar, P. and Fass, D.H., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 233, 438 (1984).
- Boskovic, D.S., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 265, 10497 (1990).
- Rauber, P., et al., Anal. Biochem., 168, 259 (1988).
- Bock, P.E., Biochemistry, 27, 6633 (1988).
- Williams, E.B., et al., J. Biol. Chem., 264, 7536, (1989).
- Mann, K.G., et al., Blood, 76, 755 (1990).
- Hartshorn, J. et al., Blood, 78, No 10, Suppl 1, abstract 833, p 211a (ABSTRACT)
- Williams, E.B and Mann, K.G., Methods Enzymol., 222, 503 (1993)
- Tracy, R.P. et al, Methods Enzymol., 222, 514 (1993)
- Contrino J, S., American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 145, No. 6, December 1994. (labeling of a serine protease)
This publication list is not all encompassing, and is only meant to provide limited examples of how Haematologic Technologies' products are used. We encourage you to search the literature for other examples pertinent to your experimentation, and to contact us with any technical questions.